Combustion promoter



March 4 1924.

' E. I. EMERSON COMBUSTION PROMOTER lNl/E/VTOR [Mam ,BJI/

' ATIOR/VEYS' 2 7 9 4 7 4/ 4 7 W 9A N l H 2 v I wMW l V 5 a x .ll, 5 a m b v Z ll. 5 ||||||b|1111 u Q %M H A50 f 3/ M 2 Patented Mar. 4,1924.

Emson, tea s xonx i oousus rron mo e t Application filed November 29, 1919." Serial No. 341,553i

To all'whqmz'tnw/yconoem: a v

Be it known that I, ELMER I. Emnnsorr, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of Middletown, county'of- Orange, and State 6 of New York, have invented a new and Improved Combustion ,Promdter, of which the following'is' a 'full,' clear, and exact description." I. fThisin vention relates to a combustion 10 promoter andhas reference more particu arly to. a device-'for the promotion of combustion Y in internal combustion engines adapted to introduce an oxidizing a cut in the cylinders of said engines pre erably along with the explosive mixture of fuel oil,

va or and air. r

11 an ordinary internal combustion engine, the COIDbllStlOIl ofthe vapor a1r mix ture is notusually complete and as a result carbon deposits on the walls of the cylin ders and on the spark plugs, so that after continued operation, said carbon frequently gets red .hot and causes Manyattempts have been made to removethis carbon by chemicals or other. means withoutdismantling the'engine, but often the process was expensive or was harmful to the walls of the cylinder. One of these processes burns out the deposited carbon in the cylinders by the use of oxygen. Other processes inject water vapor into the cylinder along with the explosive mixture, said water vapor combining with the carbon deposited in the cylinder at the high temperature to form water lowing reaction:

gas according to the fol- C+HQO=CO+H,28,3OO calories.

It is seen from the above reaction that'the carbon will be removed but the reaction is endothermal and heat is abstracted from the and reignition in the, engine and a, knocking-t erein as a result. 25 Furthermore the carbon deposit on the spark I I explosive mixtureso that'the temperature is lowered to a point where less perfect combustion takesiplace.

In order to provide a'mor'e perfect means for removing deposited carbon from the cylinders ofan internal combustion engine, and

to prevent its deposition, I- introduce hydrogen peroxide or a mixture of hyl'drogen peroxide and water vapor into t -of the gas.

, Hydrogen f peroxide, which commonly bought 'on the market, is; a water solution containing about 3% oi hydrogen peroxide together with a smallamount ofso'me chemical which is usedas ap'reservative topreventthe decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide into water-and oxygen. Wheh'hy drogen peroxide-is heated, to a temperature ot.l0OG., it decomposes violently into water action f H. calories.-

Hydrogen peroxide is a much more active oxidizing agent than 1s free oxygen. This would be expected from the fact that it con- -tains so much more thermal energy than the water and oxygen into which it decomposes. The oxygen liberated from the hydrogen peroxide will combine with any carbon deposited in the cylinders with an evolution of heat according to the following reaction t C+20=CO,+97,6OO calories.

'It will befurthe'r seen that while the injec- ,tion of Water vapor into the combustion chamber of a cylinder in an internal combustion engine reduces-the temperature of the explosive-mixture b its interaction I e cylinders preferably alongiwlth the explosive mixture oxygen, according toithe following re-.

with carbon, the admission of hydrogen peroxide will increase the temperature of the explosive mixture, thus insuring a more perfect combustion, so that little if any caron will be deposited due to imperfect combustion. However, owing to the fact that hydrogen peroxide is Such an active oxidizing agent, the deposition of carbon will be impossible in the presence of hydrogen per oxide due to oxidizing conditions existing in the engine cylinders.

Reference is to be had to the accompany ing drawing forming a part of this specification, inwhich it is understood that the drawing is merely illustrative of one ex-- by numerals, 10 indicates the side walls of a container which may be of any suitable shape or material, said side walls being preferably cylindricah The container is provided with a bottom 11 and a removable cover 12, which is provided with an offset shoulder 13 engaging a similar groove .in the container wall 10, said shoulder serving to insure the mounting of the over coaxially' with the container. Fixed coaxially tow the cover 12, is a cylindrical mem ber 14 which extends downwardly into, the container and is provided adjacent its lower end with a conically shaped portion 15, terminating in one or more holes 16 whose purpose will be hereinafter described. The container is fastened to any suitable support 17 by means of one or more bands 18 encircling said container, and fixed to said support by means of bolts 19. A U-shaped tube 20 has an arm 21 which passes through and is tightly fitted in a hole 22 in the cover. 12. The arm 21 is .bent at right angles somewhat above the bottom '11 of the container and is then formed into a circular "member 23 which is provided with a plurality ofperforations 24 along its upper side; A tube 25 is also fitted to the cover 12 and extends therethrough, said tube being connected at the end opposite the cover to either a fuel manifold or a cylinder 26. Between the cover 12 and the fuel manifold '26, the tube 25 is provided with a valve 27 of any'suitable construction, which is controlled by a lever 28"operated from a convenient point on the dashboard 29 by an operating member 30 connected by a link 31 to the lever 28. The cylinder 14 is of such size as to accommodate a.

holder 4% has preferably a pair of 35 extending longitudinally of the said members including laterally cxte arms 36 which partly encircle said. and hold it securely. The twomembers 35 are connectedby a bottom support 3? on the bottle 32 of hydrogen peroxide after the cork in said bottle is removed. The bottle and holder are then lowered into the cylinder 14 so that said bottle rests upon the shoulder 33 with its mouth somewhat above the hole 16. The hydrogen peroxide will then run out until an equilibrium is reached substantially as shown in Figure-2. A partial vacuum is created in the fuel manifold or cylinder 26 by the operation of the engine and as a result air is sucked into the tube 20 and through the perfora tions 24 so that said air bubbles up through the solution of hydrogen peroxide and finally finds its way through the tube 25 into the c 'linders of the engine; The quantigy ofi air and therefore hydrogen peroxi e admitted to the cylinders of the engine is controlled from the dash board by means of the operating member 30 acting on' the valve lever 28. Vhen the air bubbles through the solution of hydrogen peroxide it becomes saturated with and entrains some of the hydrogen peroxide and also water vapor, which is injected through the pipe 25 into the cylinders of the engine. The hydrogen peroxide. at once violently decomposes at the temperature of the cylinder giving off a large quantity of heat to the explosive mixture which raises the pres sure in said cylinder and also raises itstemperature so that a more-perfect combustion is obtained.

The carbon which might be deposited during the combustion is acted upon by three factors, viz: the increased heat causing more perfect combustion the action of the water vapor on the free carbon tending to transform it into, carbon monoxide and hydrogen according to the aforementioned reaction, and thirdly and most important the strongly reducing action of the. oxygen generated from the hydrogen peroxide which tends to combine with the carbon liberated during the combustion, transforming it into carbon dioxide with big evolution of heat according to the aforementioned reaction.

I have found that by the use of. this dea. cheaper grade of fuel may be used mentioned theoretical considerations are correct and that more power and. more mileage per gallon of fuel is obtained by injecting hydrogen peroxide into the cy1 inders of said engine (a) When the motor is running idle at a low speed with-the :valve 27 closed, an

opening of said valve so that the hydrogen peroxide is admitted to the. cylinders, at once accelerates the speed of the engine showing that a more perfect combustion obtains and that more power is generated due to the heat faddedto the cylinders by,-

the decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide carbon.

7 (b) Whenthezautomobile is lrunning on the level at a constant speed with the valve 27 open, a closing of saidvalve so that'the u'gs upply of hydrogenperoxide to the cylin-.

ders is cut olf, causes thespeed of said automobile to considerably diminish.

While I prefer to use hydrogen peroxide idizing agent may be used. I would state in co'nclusion'that while the illustrated example constitutes a practical' embodiment of myjinventi'on, I do not limit myself strictly to the mechanicaldetails herein illustrated since manifestly the .same may be considerably varied in any suitable apparatus fOr accomplishing the in my apparatus, any other suitable oxaforementioned result without departure w from the spirit ofthe'inventiom'as defined in the appended claim. 1

Having thus described f m invention, I claim as new and desireto secure by Letters Patentz f The method of reducing carbon formations in the cylinders of internal combustion motors, which consists in introducing air into the cylinders of the motor cylinders v and its subsequent interaction wlth freewith theintroduction of the charge: of fuel, said air havin volume of hydrogen peroxide sufficient to saturate the air therewith.

ELME R-IS AIAH EMERSON. i

been-first passed througha i 

